Structured Play in the Classroom - 627 Words

Mature make-believe play is an important and unique context, providing opportunities to learn not afforded by other classroom activities. It should not be considered something extra that can be cut to accommodate more time for academic skills, nor should it be used as a means of adding â€Å"entertainment value† for inherently boring and decontextualized drills. Instead, play should be preserved and nurtured as one of the â€Å"uniquely preschool† activities that provide the most beneficial context for children’s development. Mature play, as researchers provide, say that child develop social skills, mathematical ability, mastery of early literacy concepts, and self-regulation. In order to enhance play to mature play teachers must follow Vygostkian’s approach of scaffolding play into PRoPELS approach of critical elements of children’s play in the classroom. For some children, early childhood is the only setting that children have the opportunity to learn how to play the proper and mature way with the PRoPELS. Since children are almost always segregated by age and have to interact with play partners who are as inexperience as they are without getting the playground play of elder interactions; hinders children’s ways of maturing make believe play, which is when teachers need to come in allow improvement and growth with play. Playtime in today’s early childhood classroom is limited and rarely exceeds one or two hours, which means that in order to achieve progress in the quality of play,Show MoreRelatedHow An Empowering Environment Helps Promote All Children s Play And Learning1679 Words   |  7 Pageslook into how an enabling environment helps to promote all children’s play and learning. It is important that every setting creates an enabling environment in the indoor classroom and the outside area for the children to learn and play in. â€Å"The environment plays a key role in supporting and extending chil dren’s development and learning.† An enabling environment provides babies, children and young people with the freedom to play. This is because the children feel comfortable and relaxed. When babiesRead MoreMy Career As An Educator947 Words   |  4 Pagesmethods to help my individual student succeed in their educational career. I will be well educated in preschool development and early education curriculum to best serve the student age group I will teach. Diversity will be a key component to my classroom structure. Each student is an individual who has different strengths and weaknesses. Knowing how each student is different or how they are similar is essential to how I apply my curriculum. In applying these differences and similarities I will createRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is An Epidemic878 Words   |  4 Pagesalso making sure that they are popular with the students in hopes of the students continuing the activities outside the classroom. SPARK, or â€Å"Sports, Play, Active, Recreation for, Kids†, isn’t only aimed to improve solely physical attributes for children, but also aims to improve environmental and behavioral change at the same time (SPARK). These planned programs include a classroom recess program, an after school program, along with the Coordinated School Health Initiative (SPARK). The SPARK PERead MoreThe Alternative Philosophies Of Education1607 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional displays then the ir typically developing peers (Hooper Umansky, 2014). Recess provides time in the day for this emotional growth in students with Autism and EBDB. Play can help young children organize and manage their feelings, and for children who do not verbal express themselves, such as children with Autism, play can be used to allow them to express their feelings, conflicts, and concerns. Through social interactions with typical peers, students with EBDB and Autism practice emotionalRead MoreSocial Behavior For Children With Adhd936 Words   |  4 Pagesmight be to raise his or her hand when the child wants to speak. Making Socially Accepting Inclusive Classrooms (MOSAIC) is a teacher implemented and directed intervention designed specifically for children with ADHD to help them improve their social interactions and peer relationships. â€Å"MOSAIC is based on the theory that in order to achieve optimal peer relationships, children with ADHD require classroom structures that aim to (a) increase peers’ social acceptance of children with special needs suchRead MoreHow To Comprove Social Interaction Between Children In The Classroom1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthat they were doing better in the classroom (Kasari et al., 2012). Lastly, it was concluded that significant changes occurred in the students with ASD from the PEER group, since after changing classrooms the following year with new peers, the students’ social network saliency remained at a heightened level as it was after treatment the previous year, demonstrating the long-term effects of PMI (Kasari et al., 2012). Additional forms of PMI include integrated play groups and peer buddy/peer tutor approachesRead MoreMy First Day Of Class Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pagessecond semester we would be spending every class period in a classroom of our choice on our high school campus. This made me feel a bit uneasy. I had never worked with children before and didn’t know if I had the patience or drive to do so. First semester we were able to visit a few classrooms that interested us to see where we might be placed for second semester. The first day, I went to a second grade classroom and a Kindergarten classroom. These were all very out of my comfort zone. The childrenRead MoreRole Playing and Child Classroom Management1675 Words   |  7 PagesOverview- The most effective classroom environment is one in which there is a sense of trust, advocacy for the student, engaging learning activities, and a sense of regular adventure. Students should be encouraged to actualize, to participate, and to think of their classroom as a community. Because each individual is unique in their learning style, classroom success is based on flexibility and the willingness to adapt and evolve on a moments notices the idea of fluid intuition taken to the nth degreeRead MoreMaria Montessori : Education Of Children And Developed A Clear Concept Of A Planned Environment1489 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' While Maria Montessori expressed multiple convincing theories regarding the education of children that included ideas such as sensitive periods, the role of independence and a planned environment in the classroom, some theories contradicted each other and in practice. She compiled her beliefs into a Montessori Method that described how to teach young children in a way that fulfilled their full potential. McClure’s magazine recognized Montessori as a â€Å"wonder worker in education† (Tozier, 1911)Read MoreImportance Of Recess And Play Time For Small Children918 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Recess and Play Time for Small Children Recess and play time has been the hallmark of any school life since formal education was established. Teachers, parents, caregivers and psychologists have all proven how essential play time is to a child’s cognitive, emotional, social, fine motor skills and language development. The decision by the school board to eliminate recess and play time and to increase classroom learning activity for small children to meet ‘universal standards’

Gender Wage Discrimination in Pakistan - 1465 Words

| Gender Wage Discrimination in Pakistan | Evidence from Pakistan 2008/09 and 2010/11 | | | | Table of Contents Introduction 2 Literature Review 2 Methodology 3 Variables Used – Characteristics of Workers 5 Results 7 Discussion 7 Bibliography 8 Appendix A 9 Selectivity Bias Logit Regression Results: 9 Introduction This paper explores the dynamics of gender wage discrimination in Pakistan for two data sets; Labour Force Survey for the year 2008/09 and 2010/11. We will explore whether or not women are discriminated against, as it has been suggested for a predominantly Islamic country like Pakistan. Labour theory addresses many reasons for wage discrimination. For the purposes of this research we will†¦show more content†¦The signs of education are expected. For the data set of 2008/09, signs for education are positive which does not support theory. Even after efforts to remove multi-colinearity, they still show positive signs. Most of the variables in the regression are also insignificant. However, when we take the data for LFS 2010/11, and correct it for selectivity bias, we get much better results. Most of the variables are significant as well as show the correct signs. (The same algorithm was applied to both the data sets, and the same variables have been taken). Results of Logit models for correcting selectivity bias are attached in Appendix A. Variables Used – Characteristics of Workers Summary tables from LFS 2010/11 1. Age * Theory suggests that this is one of the most important determinants of people’s decision to work. 2. Marital Status * This variable was taken as a dummy variable in the regression. * It is a significant variable in the decision to work, especially in developing economies like Pakistan. 3. Province * This is also taken as a dummy. The Baluchistan province was omitted from this analysis. However, the calculations of the Oaxaca Blinder method take this omitted variable into account. This is because the method takes the vectors of the estimated regression equation. 4. Region * Whether a person is from a Rural or urban background has impact on theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Education: A Path to Gender Equality in Labor Markets1667 Words   |  7 Pagesparticipation or reinforcing gender equality in labor markets worldwide will lead to gains in productivity. However, what can be done to create gender equality? A study emphasized the equality of education. When education access to women is equal to men, occupation opportunities and earnings of men and women with similar education and experience are equal. A research in Pakistan and other studies are introduced. Their findings suggest that education plays a vital part in gender equality in labor forceRead MoreThe Effect of Gender Discrimination on Job Opportunities Available to Women in the Banking Sector3442 Words   |  14 PagesThe Effect of Gender Discrimination on Job Opportunities available to women in the banking sector Sociology BBA III DOUBLE Major Marketing amp; Finance Section A Instructor: Group members ALI HASSAN ASIM Khawaja BADAR EJAZ HARIS NISAR NOMAN ULLAH Lahore School Of Economics Submission Date: 2012 Acknowledgement First of all, we would like to thank all mighty Allah who helped us in his mysterious ways. 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It has been a taboo for centuries now which restricts women, access to basic opportunities, resources. Throughout the world, women continue to face inequality in all the spheres of life. Various workgroups, social institutions, organizations has been setup, schemesRead M oreMore Equality Needed for Women817 Words   |  3 Pageshigher wages. Secondly, men are greatly outnumbering women in high-level, executive positions; this means that men are, as a whole, receiving better jobs than women. Finally, as men primarily run the government, women get only a relatively small role in making life-affecting decisions. In order for women to be fully equal with men in terms of rights, reparations in these fields must be made. In today’s world, one would think that two people doing the same job would receive the same wages. This appearsRead MoreGender Equality Should be Universally Imposed845 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Gender equality does not imply that women and men are the same, but that they have equal value and should be accorded equal treatment,† this means that women should be respected and treated just like men. The song â€Å"Anything you can do, I can do better,† shows how society started to change in favor of women, even though it might be in a competitive fashion it does not have to be that way. In order for society to grow and to become a better one men and women should be considered equal. Gender equalityRead MoreSocial Compliance And Environmental Concerns1691 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees should be treated in regard to wages, work hours and work conditions. To ensure that the company meets with the standards of various environmental laws, it may be necessary to cond uct a compliance audit. 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Ranks and customs army free essay sample

Each one of one of us has our limitations. When pushed to our limitations weather is be mental or physical sometimes our reactions become irrational. However being in todays army and serving as a Non-Commisoned Officer no matter what limit you are push to you must always maintain a the upmost level of perfessionalism and respect. Last week I push to a new level of fustrtion and madness. In response to this I lost my proffesinalism, I dissrespected a sernior non-commisoned officer something that should never be done. In response i was formally consoled and told to write a 5 page essay on the importance of military customs and curtisties. Before I can truely go into that I figured I must first go into what exactly the rank structure is. What each rank actually means. Not just to me but to the army. Private- Private First Class This is the first fe wranks within the United States Army. We will write a custom essay sample on Ranks and customs army or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It from the Latin word privus or perhaps privo it is a person without (deprived of) an office. That certainly describes a Private in the Army. The term as a military rank comes from the Sixteenth Century when individuals had the privilege of enlisting or making private contracts to serve as private soldiers in military units. Before the Sixteenth Century many armies were simply feudal levies in which the feudal lords forced their serfs or subjects to serve. Speicilaist The spiecalist is possible the most intresting rank of them all. It is a the first rank where you gain some repect in todays army, yet you still do not hold any title of responsbilte for others. Many reguard this as the best rank in today military due to the aformentioned reason. The army of specialst used to have different skill levels but that practice was abolished roughly 20 years ago. Today it is considered one of the monst vitial ranks in reguards to leadership. For the first time in ones army career he or she may be task and put in charge of something, thus testing there leadership capabilites. Though they are often tasked with doing something the responsibletie rarely will fall on there shoulders if it is not done or not done correctly. This responsbility will be that of the NCO appointed over them. After this rank is when responsbilites and respect take hand. For the first time in someones military career they are called a NCO. The acranoym of NCO stands for Non-Commoishioned officer. There are two types of officers in todays army. First type of officer is the Non-commsioned Officer. A non-commissioned officer, is an enlisted member of an armed forces who has been given authority by a commissioned officer. The NCO corps includes all the grades of sergeant and (commissioned) officer, who, in most armies, is discouraged from developing too close personal relationships with his charges. Though there is only one NCO thre are 2 levels of which to acheive in being a NCO. We call these Jounior NCOs (e-4 through e-6) and Senior NCO (e-7 through e-9). The expectations of the two levels are the same, and nothing less then the utmost of professalism will be tolerated. The first level is what we are going to be speaking is the jounior noncommsioned officer. It is the jouinor non commisoned officer whom has the most direct contact with the troops. The promption into beocming a jouiner nco is what is more commonly know as a semi centerlaized promiton. Semi centralized Promotion process means that the unit (company) plays a part in the promotion selection process, but its the Army who decides who actually gets promoted The ranks are as followed: The corporal was established in 1775 with the birth of the Army and the NCO corps. Along with the rank of sergeant, the corporal is the only rank that has never disappeared from the NCO corps. The corporal is the base of the NCO ranks, serving as leader of the smallest Army units, principally; teams leaders. Like sergeant, corporals are responsible for the individual training, personal appearance and cleanliness of their soldiers. As the command sergeant major is known as the hieght of success in the NCO corps, the corporal is the beginning of the NCO corps. As the NCO corps is known as the backbone of the Army, the corporal is the backbone of the NCO corps. The rank of corporal is not a position in which to learn how to become a leader no apprenticeship here. While certainly the new corporal will be developed new skills, strengthening old ones and generally better, he or she is a sergeant, and is no less a professional than those grades of rank to come. SERGEANT: Of all the NCO ranks, this one, very possibly, has the greatest impact on lower-ranking soldiers. Privates, who are the basic manpower strength of the Army, generally have sergeants as their first NCO leaders. It is to the rank of sergeant that the privates look for example. Sergeants are responsible for the individual training, personal appearance and cleanliness of their soldiers. The authority of the sergeant is equal to that of any other NCO rank. The sergeant must be unquestionably competent in order to carry out the mission correctly, accomplish each task and care for assigned soldiers. The Sergeant started out as a servant, serviens in Latin, to a knight in medieval times. He became a fighting man because combat in those days often amounted to cutting down everybody in reach, regardless of whether they were armed. He became an experienced warrior who might ride a horse but was not wealthy enough to afford all the equipment and retainers to qualify as a knight. As an experienced soldier he might be called upon to take charge of a group of serfs or other common people forced to serve in an army of feudal levies. The Sergeant would conduct what training he could to teach his charges to fight, lead them into battle and, most important, keep them from running away during a battle. Sergeant was not a rank but an occupation. He might lead others he might fight alone or as a member of a group of sergeants, or he might serve the lord of his village as a policeman or guard. The modern title sergeant-at-arms used by many clubs recalls armed Sergeants who kept order at meetings. STAFF SERGEANT: The rank of staff sergeant closely parallels that of the sergeant in duties and responsibilities. In fact, the basic duties and responsibilities of all the NCO ranks never change, but there are significant difference between this step in the NCO structure and the preceding one. The staff sergeant is a more experienced leader of soldiers. It is proper to expect that the staff sergeant can bring the benefits of that experience to bear in any situation and under all circumstances. The major difference between the staff sergeant and the sergeant is not authority, as is often mistakenly believed, but rather sphere of influence. The staff sergeant is in daily contact with large numbers of soldiers and generally has more equipment and other property to maintain. Staff sergeants often have one or more sergeants working under their leadership. Staff sergeants are responsible for their continued successful development as well as that of other soldiers in the section, squad or team. If NCOs are the backbone of the Army, then staff sergeants are the elements of which backbones are made. The complexities of the staff sergeants job increases as the responsibilities broaden. The staff sergeants success, more than any other grade of the NCO rank, leads to the Armys success, and the footprints you see behind those of our greatest military leaders are probably those of staff sergeants, where they stood confident, proud and eager to assist. The position title of platoon sergeant is considered key in the command structure of the Army. Platoon sergeants generally have several staff sergeants working under their leadership. The platoon sergeant is the key assistant and advisor to the platoon leader. In the absence of the platoon leader, the platoon sergeant commands the platoon. The sergeant first class may serve in a position subordinates to the platoon sergeant or may serve as the NCOIC of a section with all the attendants responsibilities and duties of the platoon sergeant. Whether platoon sergeant or sergeant first class, this is the first level at which the term senior NCO property applies. The platoon sergeant or sergeant first class generally has 15 to 18 years or more of military experience and is rightfully expected to bring that experience to bear in quick, accurate decisions that are in the best interest of the mission and the soldier. The platoon sergeant is expected to embody all the traits of a leader. Unlike the promotion processes for Private through Staff Sergeant, your unit commander has little to do with the promotion process to E-7, E-8, and E-9. These promotions are completely centralized at Head Quarters of the Department of the Army (HQDA). Enlisted Centralized Selection Boards are convened Army-wide, at the U. S. Army Enlisted Records and Evaluations Center (USAEREC) in Indianapolis, Indiana. USAEREC is a subordinate command of U. S. Armys Personnel Command (PERSCOM). With that said for the first time in someones military carrer, it is at this point that you can no longer loose your rank with the company commanders recommendation. FIRST SERGEANT AND MASTER SERGEANT: When you are talking about the first sergeant, you are talking about the lifeblood of the Army. There can be no substitute for this position or any questions of its importance. When first sergeants are exceptional, their units are exceptional, regardless of any other single personality involved. It is the position of first sergeant in which almost all unit operations merge. The first sergeant holds formations, instructs platoon sergeants the commander and assists in training all enlisted members. The first sergeants is proud of the unit and, understandably, wants others to be aware of the units success. For the first time, the title of address for this grade is not sergeant.first sergeant. There is a unique relationship of confidence and respect that exists between the first sergeant and the commander not found at another level within the Army. The master sergeant serves as the principal NCO in staff elements at battalion and higher levels. Although not charged with the enormous leadership responsibilities of the first sergeant, the master sergeant is expected to dispatch lead ership and other duties with the same professionalism and to achieve the same results as the first sergeant.Enlisted soldiers who attain the distinction of being selected to be command sergeant major are the highest level of success in their chosen field. Except sergeant major of the Army, there is no higher grade of rank for enlisted soldiers, and there is no greater honor. The command sergeant major carries out policies and standard of the performance, training, appearance and conduct of enlisted personnel. The command sergeant major advises and initiates recommendations to the commander and staff in matters pertaining to the local NCO support channel. Perhaps slightly wiser and more experienced than the first sergeant, the command sergeant major is expected to function completely without supervision. Like the old sage of times past, the command sergeant majors counsel is expected to be calm, settled and accurate, but with an energy and enthusiasm that never changes, even in the worst of times. Assignable to anywhere in the Army, the command sergeants major is all those things, and more, of each of the preceding grades of rank. The sergeant major is generally the key enlisted member of staff elements at levels than higher than battalion. The sergeant majors experience and ability are equal to that of the command sergeant major, but the sphere of influence regarding leadership is generally limited to those directly under his charge. The military, like any organization, has different positions within its organizational structure. NCOs or Non Commissioned Officers are not brutes who bully the lower rankers into obeying orders. Higher ranking then any of the noncommsioned officers are the commisoned officers. A Lieutenant often takes the place of a superior officer when that officer is absent. The word comes from the French lieu (place) and tenant (holder). The Lieutenant then is one who holds the place of another. Since he took the place of a senior officer the Lieutenant ranked next to that person and was his deputy. A Captain is a chieftain or head of a unit. The title comes from the Latin word capitaneus that meant chieftain, which in turn came from an older Latin word caput that meant head. It would seem that a Captain could head a unit of any size but as armies evolved his post came to be at the head of a company, usually 100 to 200 men. That seemed to be the number one man could manage in battle. Captains were company commanders in the British, French and other armies for centuries. They carried on that job in our Army1775 to the present. Army Captains got their rank insignia of two bars in about 1832 at the same time the First Lieutenants got one bar. The bars were gold except for the Infantry officers who wore silver bars until 1851. The two bars originated a few years earlier when Captains and Lieutenants both wore plain epaulettes whose differences were mostly in the size of the fringes. To help distinguish between the two ranks, Captains wore two strips or holders of gold or silver lace across the epaulette straps while Lieutenants wore one strip. In 1872 Captains changed to silver bars. These were two separate bar embroidered onto shoulder straps or epaulettes. The railroad tracks used by Captains today appeared when officers started using metal pin-on rank insignia on their khaki or olive drab uniforms during or shortly after the Spanish-American War. Major is a Latin word that means greater as compared to minor that means less. Majors in our Army started wearing oak leaves as rank insignia on their shoulder straps about 1832. Why the Army chose oak leaves remains a mystery. Anyway, back to the Major and his oak leaves. In 1832 the color of the leaves had to be opposite the color of the shoulder strap borders so Infantry Majors wore gold leaves while other Majors wore silver. After 1851 all Majors wore gold oak leaves. They did not have oak leaves on their epaulettes because the size of the fringes on their epaulettes and other features of their uniforms identified them as Majors. A Lieutenant Colonel typically commands a battalion-sized unit (300 to 1,000 soldiers), with a Command Sergeant Major as principal NCO assistant. A Lieutenant Colonel may also serve as a brigade or task force Executive Officer. A General usually has overall command of a whole army. His title comes from the Latin word generalis that meant something pertaining to a whole unit of anything rather than just to a part. As a military term General started as an adjective, as in Captain General indicating the Captain who had overall or general command of the army. Moving on to some of the armies customs The Army has its own customs, both official and social. Some have been handed down from the distant past while others are of comparatively recent origin. Those customs that endure stand on their own merits. As a long established social organization, the Army observes a number of customs that add to the interest, pleasure, and graciousness of Army life. Often it is these customs and traditions, strange to the civilian eye but solemn to the soldier, that keep the man in the uniform going in the unexciting times of peace. In war they keep him fighting at the front. The fiery regimental spirit fondly polished over decades and centuries possesses him in the face of the enemy. [The soldier] fights for the regiment, his battalion, his company, his platoon, his section, his comrade. A custom is an established practice. Customs include positive actions—things you do, and taboos—things you avoid. All established arts, trades, and professions, all races of people, all nations, and even different sections of the same nation have their own practices and customs by which they govern a part of their lives. Many Army customs compliment procedures required by military courtesy, while others add to the graciousness of garrison life. The breach of some Army customs merely brands the offender as ignorant, careless, or ill bred. Violations of other Army customs, however, will bring official censure or disciplinary action. The customs of the Army are its common law. These are a few: * Never criticize the Army or a leader in public. * Never go over the heads of superiors—dont jump the chain of command. * Never offer excuses. * Never wear a superiors rank by saying something like, the first sergeant wants this done now, when in fact the first sergeant said no such thing. Speak with your own voice. * Never turn and walk away to avoid giving the hand salute. * Never run indoors or pretend you dont hear (while driving, for example) to avoid standing reveille or retreat. * Never appear in uniform while under the influence of alcohol.